Posts Tagged ‘bible study’

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God Is Not Binary

Saturday, April 17th, 2010

When God made mankind, he put them in the Garden and told them they could eat from every plant, right?

Genesis 1:29  And God said, “Behold, I have given you every plant yielding seed that is on the face of all the earth, and every tree with seed in its fruit. You shall have them for food.

Genesis 1:1-2:3 is a summary of creation week. Genesis 2:4-25 tells the same exact story but from a different vantage point. It’s hazy regarding the passage of time, leaves out some details, and adds some others. That doesn’t mean the two accounts are contradictory, only that they have different foci.

There is one problem, however. There is an apparent contradiction between Genesis 1:29 and 2:16-17.

Genesis 2:16-17  And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, “You may surely eat of every tree of the garden,  (17)  but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall surely die.”

Which is it? Can man eat every plant or not? The answer is yes!*

There is no contradiction. The confusion is not in the words, but in the reader who treats them like a mathematical text. Genesis was written to be understood by ordinary people. It’s bare meaning had to be accessible to shepherds and farmers, so it was written in the same basic language that they themselves used. When a subsistence farmer says, “Let’s get all these fields planted,” does he mean every single field in existence? Of course not. Does he even mean all of his own fields? No again. He only means all the fields that are supposed to be planted at this time, and he expects that everyone to whom he is speaking will understand that. The ancient Hebrews knew the story of the Garden of Eden and the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. When they heard it read, “I have given you every plant that grows on the earth,” they didn’t need to hear “except for this one” to understand that there was at least one exception.

We don’t need to hear it either. Instead, we need to understand that God and his words recorded in the Scriptures are holistic. They are a unified whole (echad in Hebrew) with depth and height and breadth. We cannot understand the words of Paul or John without understanding Moses and Isaiah, because the latter are a foundation and framework for the former. Likewise, since we do not live within the cultural context of Moses or Isaiah, we cannot completely understand their words either without Paul and John to finish the walls and trim. Scripture is a house, not a line.

* Consider Genesis 9:3 and Leviticus 11 with this principle in mind.

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Posted in Keeping Torah, Parsha 01 - Bereishit, Parsha 26 - Sh'mini, Theology, Torah | 1 Comment »

No Torah Study this Weekend

Monday, March 29th, 2010

There will be no Torah study this weekend. Normal schedule will resume on April 10th.

Chag sameach Pesach!

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Vayikra 5770 – Approaching under Cover

Saturday, March 20th, 2010

Vayikra begins with a series of word plays:

Leviticus 1:1-2  And the LORD called unto Moses, and spake unto him out of the tabernacle of the congregation, saying, Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, If any man of you bring an offering unto the LORD, ye shall bring your offering of the cattle, even of the herd, and of the flock.

There are two distinct word plays that I want to talk about. Let’s look at the less obvious one first.

This Torah portion–in fact, this entire book–is named “Vayikra” which means “called” or “summoned”, but there is something missing from the English translation. This isn’t the fault of the translators necessarily because the thing that is missing could not be translated directly. The Hebrew word vayikra in verse one is spelled strangely. Although Hebrew doesn’t use capital letters like we use in English, it does use cases. It has a standard case, an upper case, a lower case, and even an inverted case. In this case, the final letter in vayikra, aleph, is in lower case, almost like a subscript. There is another instance in the Torah where vayikra is spelled strangely: “And God met Balaam.” (Numbers 23:4) This vayikra has no aleph at all. The rabbis say (and the KJV translators seem to have agreed) that this is because vayiker implies a chance encounter while vayikra is a deliberate summoning. The rabbis go on to say that Moses used a small aleph in Leviticus 1:1 because he wanted to de-emphasize the fact that God sought him out from among all his peers to lead Israel to freedom and to deliver the Torah. Balaam’s encounter with God was made inevitable by the path he and Balak had chosen. Moses’ encounter, on the other hand, was pre-ordained. The small aleph is Moses’ way of saying, “Yes, God chose me, but that doesn’t mean I’m better than anyone else.” We are all called. The questions to be answered are, how do we respond to our calling and what are we to do with it?

The second word play is more apparent, although the English translation still obscures it a little. Did you notice in the above paragraph how I used the word “case” so many times in a row that it almost became irritating? The Hebrew scriptures, especially prophecy, do this frequently. It’s a trick God uses to flag a particularly important idea or an idea that isn’t immediately clear in the plain text. The Hebrew words for “called unto”, “bring”, and “offering” all have the same root, kar, which refers to coming near. Putting the Hebrew words in, this passage looks something like this:

Leviticus 1:1-2  And the LORD vayik’ra unto Moses, and spake unto him out of the tabernacle of the congregation, saying, Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, If any man of you yik’rib a kar’ban unto the LORD, ye shall yik’rib your kar’ban of the cattle, even of the herd, and of the flock.

To make the sense even more clear in English, “YHWH told Moses to approach him and spoke to him from out of the tabernacle of the congregation, saying, “Speak to the children of Israel, saying, ‘If anyone of you would approach God with an approaching, you will approach with an approaching from the animals of your herds and of your flocks.’”

So what is the message that is barely hidden here? It is the central theme of the entire book of Leviticus/Vayikra: drawing near to God. Although Leviticus describes a sacrificial system and priesthood that most people today view as obsolete and even barbaric, it also describes the only way that we might be restored to a close relationship with our Creator. Our restoration requires innocent blood to cover (atone for) our sins. (“Why” is another question entirely and might be beyond our understand.) We must first acknowledge our guilt and our inability to approach God on our own merits. Then we must accept the atonement that God has provided for us in his inestimable grace in the person of his Son, the Lamb of God. (Genesis 22:8 and John 1:29) The blood of Yeshua takes away our sins so that when God summons us we may draw near without being destroyed.

As in so many other cases, God has presented us with a choice. He told us to choose between life and death, blessings and cursings. In the Garden he provided the means of our destruction and on Calvary he provided the means of our salvation. We have but to choose and to surrender to the consequences.

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Posted in Parsha 24 - Vayikra, Theology, Torah | 1 Comment »

Vayakhel 5770 – Approaching God’s Presence

Monday, March 8th, 2010

Exodus 35:5-7  Take from among you an offering to YHWH. Whoever is of a willing heart, let him bring it, an offering of YHWH: gold, and silver, and bronze,  (6)  and blue, and purple, and scarlet, and bleached linen, and goats’ hair,  (7)  and rams’ skins dyed red, and badgers’ skins…

You’ll forgive me, I hope, if I engage in more speculative theology. I’d like to focus on the three coverings of the Tabernacle. They were each made of a different material: goats hair, red rams skin, and some other skin of uncertain translation. Examining the uses of these materials throughout scripture yields an interesting, albeit tenuous, pattern.

Goats hair
Goats are used for sin and burnt offerings. Jacob and Rebecca used a goat to deceive Isaac into giving Esau’s blessing to Jacob. When David’s life was threatened by Saul, his wife (and Saul’s daughter) Michal made a mock-up of his body, with a goat-hair pillow as his head, to deceive Saul’s assassins. Alexander the Great was portrayed in Daniel’s prophecy as a goat. Finally, goats were cooked as gifts for angels and for King Saul.

Red rams skins
The word for “red” in red ram skins is the same word as Adam. It is used to describe the first man, mankind as a whole, and a common man as opposed to a man of the aristocracy. It is the color of earthiness and mortality. The word for ram is elsewhere used for posts, the upright branches of a tree, the lintel of a doorway, a mighty man, and a great oak. The juxtaposition of one word that can refer to a “commoner” and another word that can refer to a “mighty man” is curious.

Badger skin?
Badger is an uncertain translation at best. It could be the skin of manatees or of some other animal. Some commentators believe it refers to a blue ram skin, as opposed to the red ram skin in the previous layer of the tabernacle covering. Whatever this material is, it was also used to make shoes, as the first covering on the Ark and the second covering on the Table, the incense altar, the various articles for the tabernacle, and the altar for burnt offerings. It’s association with the feet implies something mean and humble, and it was probably the most weatherproof of the three layers.

The tenuous pattern that I see here is a dual progression of common to uncommon. From one perspective, looking from the outside in, you will pass through the meanest element, the badger skin. Although it was probably not from a badger, other guesses are usually also unclean animals such as the manatee. This material was used to make footwear, but not much else. The next layer is ram skin dyed red. Not shani (scarlet or crimson) used elsewhere in the Tabernacle, but adam, the same word used in Isaiah 31:8 and Psalm 49:2 to describe a commoner. Shani is paired, however, with ayil (ram), which more literally refers to strength. The ram skin almost seems like a compromise between peasant and ruler, a middle class so to speak. The third layer is woven goats hair, furthest removed of the three materials from its natural state. It is associated with misdirection, sin offerings (another form of misdirection in that they cover over a sinful state), and with gifts given to those of the highest rank. It was probably decorated in some way. As the three coverings move closer to God’s presence in the Holy of Holies, they each seem to represent a higher rank or authority.

Considered from the opposite perspective, however, one sees not a descending order of glory or power, but yet another progression from common to rare. Goats hair, for example, was readily obtainable. One need not kill the animal to get its wool, but only to shave it. Next is the ram skin. Although the ram must be killed to obtain its skin, it was a fairly common animal. Easy to find, but not so easy to use. The third level, however, was difficult to gather in sufficient quantities to make such a large covering. Whatever its source, it was so uncommon that the word itself is now of uncertain meaning. Even so, this does not indicate a gain in glory as one moves further from God’s presence. To the contrary, God did not so much dwell in the Tabernacle as use it as a focus. It allowed him to dwell among his people, but it seems absurd to believe that God could be so small as to confine his person to a tent. The Ark of the Covenant is a symbol of his throne and not the thing itself. God’s actual throne, if it can be defined as an actual object, is in heaven and not on earth at all, so that the progression from goats skin to badger skin moves from common to rare materials as it approaches God’s actual throne.

The progression inward toward the Holy of Holies might correlate with authority and position, while the progression outward toward God’s true abode in heaven might correlate with more inherent qualities of character.

Please note that I am not prophesying. I am speculating. It is an interesting exercise, but whether there are deeper truths to be gained from it is only another speculation. Feel free to do with this what you will.

Update 2010-03-09. Significant edits.

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Ki Tisa 5770 – Honorable Priorities

Thursday, March 4th, 2010

God wants obedience. He said that if we love him, we will keep his commandments. Yet, Moses and Elijah both appear to have disobeyed God and were honored for it.

Moses came down from Sinai to find the people worshiping and sacrificing to the golden calf, and God said, “Step aside, Moses. I’m going to destroy these people and start over with you.” Moses refused and appealed to God’s reputation to convince him not to destroy Israel. “What will the Egyptians think of you?” God honored Moses’ plea and spared the nation. (Exodus 32:7-14)

Although God had said that the only place authorized for making sacrifices was at the place where he would “put his name,” Elijah built an altar at the other end of the country. After he put the sacrifice on it and soaked it with water, he asked God to light it for him, and God did, sending fire from heaven to consume it, stones, water, and all. (1 Kings 18:18-40)

Why didn’t God push Moses out of the way and finish what he started? It’s not like Moses actually had any real power. Who is man that God should listen to him? Why didn’t he tell Elijah to go to Jerusalem for his contest with the prophets of Baal? Why did he honor Elijah’s disobedience in such a spectacular manner?

The truth is that neither Moses nor Elijah were actually disobedient. If you have been keeping Torah for long, then you have probably realized that there are times when you must break (or stretch) one law in order to keep another. For example, it’s good to work on the Sabbath in order to free a trapped animal or to heal an injured man or feed the hungry. That’s not disobedience at all, but sometimes it takes a great deal of wisdom to weigh the competing priorities. The same thing is going on in both of these stories.

In the Torah, God never named the specific place that would bear his name. It is possible that he could change the location authorized for sacrifices or even authorize multiple locations. There is some room for interpretation in that law (Deuteronomy 12:11). On the other hand, there can be no compromise with Baal or his prophets. We are not to tolerate them, and especially not in the land of Israel. That is God’s land, and they were interlopers. Elijah took the fight into the place they thought of as their own, rebuilt one of God’s altars and proved who was the real owner. He understood God’s character well enough to know which rule took precedence in that situation.

God gave Moses authority over and responsibility for the people of Israel. He was their judge, teacher, and protector. He was the man whom God used to free them from captivity. When they fought the Amalekites, Moses’ upraised arms enabled their victory. When they complained against God, his intercession saved them from destruction. Moses, by divine appointment and as a type of the Messiah, was a spiritual covering for Israel. When God threatened to destroy them, Moses was duty-bound to intervene even against God himself. His role as Israel’s leader took precedence over any possible role as the progenitor of a new people, and he honored God by putting his own life on the line to save his disobedient, ungrateful people.* “God if you will destroy these people, then destroy me too, because otherwise I will have failed them, you, and myself.” Like Elijah, he had a heart that understood God’s.

I pray that YHWH will bless me with such understanding, with such love, with such a relationship with him, that I will know how to obey him even when obedience seems impossible, how to honor his calling, his people, and his Torah. Barukh YHWH!

*What a great example for all leaders and husbands! Moses put his own life in jeopardy because his love for God and his people demanded it.

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Terumah 5770 – Only Let Us Be Called

Saturday, February 20th, 2010

Exodus 25:2,8  Speak unto the children of Israel, that they bring me an offering: of every man that giveth it willingly with his heart ye shall take my offering….And let them make me a sanctuary; that I may dwell among them.

The Tabernacle wasn’t built to look beautiful or to give the priests a place to work or the community a focus, although it might have also done all those things. It was built specifically so that God would be able to dwell among his people. He didn’t tell us exactly how it allows him to do that, only that it does. In order to build it, he asked those Israelites who had a heart to give, to bring a terumah, a lifting up. The rabbis tell us that this refers to something offered up to God off the top, from the very best. God didn’t ask them to bring whatever they felt “led” to bring, but he asked for a very specific list of items. Platinum or lead or solid oak planks wouldn’t do, even if those things might be quite valuable to their owners. They weren’t suitable to the task at hand. God didn’t promise them anything in return. There were no riches in store for those who gave up these costly items, only the satisfaction of their love for God fulfilled.

In many ways, the Tabernacle is a pattern around which we are to build our lives. God has blessed us with many gifts, but there are specific things which he has entrusted to our care that he wants us to return to him so that he may live among us. I can’t tell you what that might be for you. That’s between you and God. However, I can tell you that it isn’t your leftovers. He wants your first and best, your terumah. He doesn’t promise you anything in return except his presence. He asks that you sacrifice your time, your gold, your planks of shittim, or bolts of linen, whatever it is that he has given especially to you so that you can demonstrate your love for him by giving it back.

This is love for your Creator: surrendering your best without asking anything in return.

See also: Love Is the Law, Isaiah 4:1, and Revelation 1:20.

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Fear Goeth Before Destruction

Friday, February 19th, 2010

Matthew 25:25  I was afraid and hid your talent in the ground.

We are all afraid from time to time. Some of us are afraid for much longer periods. This is no excuse. God has entrusted each and every person with some job to do for his kingdom. If you have lived for more than a few decades, then you probably only have to look back at your life to see plainly what talents God has entrusted to your care. If you betray that trust by burying his talent in the ground, he might not be so understanding when he returns to see how you have used it.

Matthew 25:30  Cast the unprofitable servant into outer darkness where there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.

Yeshua does not suffer from Nice Guy Syndrome. He is compassionate when he deems it appropriate, and at other times he is unmerciful and violent. Many, many times we are commanded not to fear obedience or its consequences, but to fear God instead. You were created for a purpose. If you do not fulfill that purpose, of what use are you?

Matthew 7:19  Every tree that does not produce good fruit is cut down, and cast into the fire.

Fear may keep you safe and warm today, but it will destroy you when it really counts.

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Thus Saith The Lord…

Sunday, February 14th, 2010

Everything that God has said, every law that he has made, every action he has taken, has not been recorded. If the Bible doesn’t talk about it, that doesn’t mean it didn’t happen. It doesn’t even mean that it’s not important. It only means that it isn’t in the Bible.

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Love?

Saturday, February 13th, 2010

Leviticus 19:18  Thou shalt not avenge, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the LORD.

Leviticus 19:34  But the stranger that dwelleth with you shall be unto you as one born among you, and thou shalt love him as thyself; for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God.

Deuteronomy 6:5  And thou shalt love the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might.

Deuteronomy 10:12  And now, Israel, what doth the LORD thy God require of thee, but to fear the LORD thy God, to walk in all his ways, and to love him, and to serve the LORD thy God with all thy heart and with all thy soul,

Deuteronomy 10:19  Love ye therefore the stranger: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.

Deuteronomy 11:1  Therefore thou shalt love the LORD thy God, and keep his charge, and his statutes, and his judgments, and his commandments, alway.

Deuteronomy 13:3  …for the LORD your God proveth you, to know whether ye love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul.

Deuteronomy 30:16  …I command thee this day to love the LORD thy God, to walk in his ways, and to keep his commandments and his statutes and his judgments, that thou mayest live and multiply: and the LORD thy God shall bless thee in the land whither thou goest to possess it.

Joshua 22:5  But take diligent heed to do the commandment and the law, which Moses the servant of the LORD charged you, to love the LORD your God, and to walk in all his ways, and to keep his commandments, and to cleave unto him, and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul.

Joshua 23:11  Take good heed therefore unto yourselves, that ye love the LORD your God.

Nehemiah 1:5  …O LORD God of heaven, the great and terrible God, that keepeth covenant and mercy for them that love him and observe his commandments…

Psalms 31:23  O love the LORD, all ye his saints: for the LORD preserveth the faithful, and plentifully rewardeth the proud doer.

Psalms 97:10  Ye that love the LORD, hate evil: he preserveth the souls of his saints; he delivereth them out of the hand of the wicked.

Proverbs 10:12  Hatred stirreth up strifes: but love covereth all sins.

Proverbs 17:9  He that covereth a transgression seeketh love; but he that repeateth a matter separateth very friends.

Matthew 5:44  …Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you.

Matthew 19:19   …Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.

Mark 12:29-31  And Jesus answered him, The first of all the commandments is,  Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God is one Lord:  (30)  And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength: this is the first commandment.  (31)  And the second is like, namely this, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. There is none other commandment greater than these.

Mark 12:33  And to love him with all the heart, and with all the understanding, and with all the soul, and with all the strength, and to love his neighbour as himself, is more than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.

John 14:15  If ye love me, keep my commandments.

John 15:9  As the Father hath loved me, so have I loved you: continue ye in my love.

John 15:12  This is my commandment, That ye love one another, as I have loved you.

Romans 12:10  Be kindly affectioned one to another with brotherly love; in honour preferring one another;

Romans 13:9  For this, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness, Thou shalt not covet; and if there be any other commandment, it is briefly comprehended in this saying, namely, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.

Ephesians 4:2-3  With all lowliness and meekness, with longsuffering, forbearing one another in love;  (3)  Endeavouring to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace.

Ephesians 5:1-2  Be ye therefore followers of God, as dear children;  (2)  And walk in love, as Christ also hath loved us, and hath given himself for us an offering and a sacrifice to God for a sweetsmelling savour.

Ephesians 5:25  Husbands, love your wives, even as Christ also loved the church, and gave himself for it;

1 Thessalonians 3:12  And the Lord make you to increase and abound in love one toward another, and toward all men, even as we do toward you:

1 Thessalonians 4:9  But as touching brotherly love ye need not that I write unto you: for ye yourselves are taught of God to love one another.

1 Timothy 6:11  But thou, O man of God, flee these things; and follow after righteousness, godliness, faith, love, patience, meekness.

Titus 2:4  …teach the young women to be sober, to love their husbands, to love their children…

Hebrews 10:24  And let us consider one another to provoke unto love and to good works…

Hebrews 13:1  Let brotherly love continue.

James 2:8  If ye fulfil the royal law according to the scripture, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself, ye do well…

1 Peter 1:22  Seeing ye have purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit unto unfeigned love of the brethren, see that ye love one another with a pure heart fervently.

1 Peter 2:17  Honour all men. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honour the king.

1 Peter 3:8-9  Finally, be ye all of one mind, having compassion one of another, love as brethren, be pitiful, be courteous:  (9)  Not rendering evil for evil, or railing for railing: but contrariwise blessing; knowing that ye are thereunto called, that ye should inherit a blessing.

1 John 3:11  For this is the message that ye heard from the beginning, that we should love one another.

1 John 3:18  My little children, let us not love in word, neither in tongue; but in deed and in truth.

1 John 4:7-8  Beloved, let us love one another: for love is of God; and every one that loveth is born of God, and knoweth God.  (8)  He that loveth not knoweth not God; for God is love.

1 John 4:21  And this commandment have we from him, That he who loveth God love his brother also.

2 John 1:5-6  And now I beseech thee, lady, not as though I wrote a new commandment unto thee, but that which we had from the beginning, that we love one another.  (6)  And this is love, that we walk after his commandments. This is the commandment, That, as ye have heard from the beginning, ye should walk in it.

Love. Love. Love. Love. Love.

We are commanded over and over again to love, but do we even know what love is? The scriptures are clear to an extent: To love God is to obey his commandments. To love others is to feed the hungry, to clothe the naked, to heal the sick. We have heard these things so many times that they have become meaningless!

What does it really mean to feed the hungry? Do we all need to go volunteer at the local Rescue Mission? Should we haul a pot of soup under the nearest bridge? What? What if there aren’t any destitute nearby? What if you don’t know where to find them? Should we just give some money to the Salvation Army and let them handle it? Is it enough just to be kind to those closest to you?

What does it really mean to obey God’s commands? Do I love God if I wear my tzitziyot religiously? Do I love him if I read the Torah and teach it to others? What!?

It truly bothers me that I am asking these questions. I feel that I should know without any hesitation what it means to love in every circumstance. I pray for the time when God’s law will be fully written on my heart, but that day isn’t now. There are many things that I don’t understand, many instances in which I have not shown love or even knew what love would be.

I have written a book examining the manual on marital and familial love, and I intend to write a few more, but still my understanding of love has not approached what it ought to be. This will be the focus of my Torah studies from now on because if keeping Torah doesn’t teach you to love, then you are not keeping Torah. “Unless your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and pharisees you will in no case enter the kingdom of heaven.” The pharisees didn’t love God; they loved their traditions. If you obey all the rules and say all the right things, yet don’t have love, you don’t have anything.

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Torah Study in Brenham

Thursday, January 28th, 2010

I’ll be hosting a Torah study at the Brenham Music Academy in Brenham, TX, 10:30 AM this Shabbat and just about every Shabbat after that. I know that some people are interested in more than just a Torah reading and midrash, so it may become more. We’ll have to wait and see.

Anyone is welcome. This is not a Messianic Jewish study, not least of all because I’m not Jewish. It’s about God and his will for us, not about traditions.

Brenham Music Academy
107 Martin Luther King Jr Pkwy
Brenham, TX 77833

Email or call if you have questions.
j c @ h i s t o r y c a r p e r . c o m
9 7 9 – 5 3 0 – 2 1 5 0

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